*,:before,:after{box-sizing:border-box}:where(:root){text-spacing-trim:trim-start;text-autospace:normal;line-break:strict;overflow-wrap:anywhere;-moz-text-size-adjust:100%;text-size-adjust:100%;scrollbar-gutter:stable;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent;font-family:sans-serif;line-height:1.5}:where(body){min-block-size:100dvb;margin:unset}:where(:is(h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6):lang(en)){text-wrap:pretty}:where(h2,h3,h4,h5,h6){margin-block:unset}:where(search){display:block}:where(p,blockquote,figure,pre,address,ul,ol,dl,menu){margin-block:unset}:where(blockquote,figure){margin-inline:unset}:where(p:lang(en)){text-wrap:pretty}:where(address:lang(ja)){font-style:unset}:where(ul,ol,menu){padding-inline-start:unset;list-style-type:""}:where(dt){font-weight:bolder}:where(dd){margin-inline-start:unset}:where(pre){text-spacing-trim:space-all;text-autospace:no-autospace}@media print{:where(pre){text-wrap-mode:unset}}:where(em:lang(ja)){font-weight:bolder}:where(:is(i,cite,em,dfn):lang(ja)){font-style:unset}:where(u,s,del,ins){text-decoration-inset:auto}:where(code,kbd,samp){font-feature-settings:initial;font-variation-settings:initial;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,Liberation Mono,Courier New,monospace;font-size:unset;font-variant-ligatures:none}:where(abbr[title]){text-decoration-inset:auto;cursor:help;text-decoration-line:underline;text-decoration-style:dotted}:where(time){text-autospace:no-autospace}@media (forced-colors:active){:where(mark){color:highlighttext;background-color:highlight}}@media print{:where(mark){border-style:dotted;border-width:1px}}:where(a){color:unset}:where(a:any-link){-webkit-text-decoration-line:unset;text-decoration-line:unset;text-decoration-inset:auto;text-decoration-thickness:from-font}:where(img,svg,picture,video,audio,canvas,model,iframe,embed,object){vertical-align:bottom;max-inline-size:100%}:where(img,svg,picture,video,canvas,model,iframe,embed,object){block-size:auto}:where(iframe){border:unset}:where(table){border-collapse:collapse}:where(caption,th){text-align:unset}:where(caption:lang(en)){text-wrap:pretty}:where(button,input,select,textarea){border-style:solid;border-width:1px;border-color:unset;border-radius:unset;color:unset;font:unset;letter-spacing:unset;text-align:unset}::file-selector-button{border-style:solid;border-width:1px;border-color:unset;border-radius:unset;color:unset;font:unset;letter-spacing:unset;text-align:unset}:where(input:is([type=radio i],[type=checkbox i])){margin:unset}:where(input[type=file i]){border:unset}:where(input[type=search i]){-webkit-appearance:textfield}@supports (-webkit-touch-callout:none){:where(input[type=search i]){background-color:canvas}}:where(input:is([type=tel i],[type=url i],[type=email i],[type=number i]):not(:placeholder-shown)){direction:ltr}:where(textarea){margin-block:unset;resize:block}:where(input:not([type=button i],[type=submit i],[type=reset i]),textarea,[contenteditable]){text-autospace:no-autospace}:where(button,input:is([type=button i],[type=submit i],[type=reset i])){background-color:unset}::file-selector-button{background-color:unset}:where(button,input:is([type=button i],[type=submit i],[type=reset i]),[role=tab i],[role=button i],[role=option i]){touch-action:manipulation}::file-selector-button{touch-action:manipulation}:where(button:enabled,label[for],select:enabled,input:is([type=button i],[type=submit i],[type=reset i],[type=radio i],[type=checkbox i]):enabled,[role=tab i],[role=button i],[role=option i]){cursor:pointer}:where(:enabled)::file-selector-button{cursor:pointer}:where(fieldset){min-inline-size:0;margin-inline:unset;padding:unset;border:unset}:where(legend){padding-inline:unset}:where(progress){vertical-align:unset}::placeholder{opacity:unset}:where(summary){cursor:pointer;list-style-type:""}:where(summary)::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}:where(dialog,[popover]){overscroll-behavior-block:contain;padding:unset;border:unset}:where(dialog:not([open],[popover]),[popover]:not(:popover-open)){display:none!important}:where(dialog){max-inline-size:unset;max-block-size:unset}:where(dialog)::backdrop{background-color:#0000004d;background-color:lab(0% 0 0/.3)}:where([popover]){margin:unset}:where(:focus-visible){outline-offset:3px}[tabindex="-1"]:focus{outline:none!important}:where(:disabled,[aria-disabled=true i]){cursor:default}[hidden]:not([hidden=until-found i]){display:none!important}
@font-face{font-family:Temml;src:url(/Temml.woff2)format("woff2");font-weight:400;font-style:normal}@font-face{font-family:Latin Modern Math;src:url(/fonts/latinmodernmath.woff2)}math{font-size-adjust:none;text-indent:0;text-transform:none;letter-spacing:normal;word-wrap:normal;font-feature-settings:"dtls" off;direction:ltr;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;line-height:normal}math *{border-color:currentColor}math{font-family:Latin Modern Math,math}math.tml-display{width:100%;display:block}.mathscr{font-family:Temml}mfrac>:nth-child(2),msqrt,mover>:first-child{math-shift:compact}.menclose{padding:.5ex 0;display:inline-block;position:relative}.tml-cancelto{background-color:currentColor;padding:.5ex 0;display:inline-block;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;-webkit-mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,<svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'><defs><marker id='a' markerHeight='5' markerUnits='strokeWidth' markerWidth='7' orient='auto' refX='7' refY='2.5'><path fill='black' d='m0 0 7 2.5L0 5z'/></marker></defs><line x2='100%25' y1='100%25' stroke='black' stroke-width='.06em' marker-end='url(%23a)' vector-effect='non-scaling-stroke'/></svg>");mask-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,<svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'><defs><marker id='a' markerHeight='5' markerUnits='strokeWidth' markerWidth='7' orient='auto' refX='7' refY='2.5'><path fill='black' d='m0 0 7 2.5L0 5z'/></marker></defs><line x2='100%25' y1='100%25' stroke='black' stroke-width='.06em' marker-end='url(%23a)' vector-effect='non-scaling-stroke'/></svg>");-webkit-mask-position:0 0;mask-position:0 0;-webkit-mask-size:100% 100%;mask-size:100% 100%;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-repeat:no-repeat}@supports ((-moz-appearance:none)){.tml-vec{transform:scale(.75)}.ff-narrow{width:0}.ff-nudge-left{margin-left:-.2em}.ff-squash mtd{height:0;display:block}}@supports not ((-moz-appearance:none)){mo.tml-prime{font-family:Temml}.tml-sml-pad{padding-left:.05em}.tml-med-pad{padding-left:.1em}.tml-lrg-pad{padding-left:.15em}}@supports ((-webkit-backdrop-filter:blur(1px))){.wbk-acc{transform:translateY(.431em)}.wbk-sml{transform:translate(.07em)}.wbk-sml-acc{transform:translate(.07em,.431em)}.wbk-sml-vec{transform:scale(.75)translate(.07em)}.wbk-med{transform:translate(.14em)}.wbk-med-acc{transform:translate(.14em,.431em)}.wbk-med-vec{transform:scale(.75)translate(.14em)}.wbk-lrg{transform:translate(.21em)}.wbk-lrg-acc{transform:translate(.21em,.431em)}.wbk-lrg-vec{transform:scale(.75)translate(.21em)}}menclose{-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;print-color-adjust:exact}.tml-right{text-align:right}.tml-left{text-align:left}.tml-shift-left{margin-left:-200%}@supports (not ((-webkit-backdrop-filter:blur(1px)))) and (not ((-moz-appearance:none))){.chr-sml{transform:translate(.07em)}.chr-sml-vec{transform:scale(.75)translate(.07em)}.chr-med{transform:translate(.14em)}.chr-med-vec{transform:scale(.75)translate(.14em)}.chr-lrg{transform:translate(.21em)}.chr-lrg-vec{transform:scale(.75)translate(.21em)}.tml-shift-left{margin-left:-100%}menclose{padding:.5ex 0;position:relative}.tml-overline{border-top:.065em solid;padding:.1em 0 0}.tml-underline{border-bottom:.065em solid;padding:0 0 .1em}.tml-cancel{background-color:currentColor;width:100%;height:100%;display:inline-block;position:absolute;bottom:0;left:.5px}.upstrike{clip-path:polygon(.05em 100%,0 calc(100% - .05em),calc(100% - .05em) 0,100% .05em)}.downstrike{clip-path:polygon(0 .05em,.05em 0,100% calc(100% - .05em),calc(100% - .05em) 100%)}.sout{clip-path:polygon(0 calc(55% + .0333em),0 calc(55% - .0333em),100% calc(55% - .0333em),100% calc(55% + .0333em))}.tml-xcancel{clip-path:polygon(.05em 0,0 .05em,calc(50% - .05em) 50%,0 calc(100% - .05em),.05em 100%,50% calc(50% + .05em),calc(100% - .05em) 100%,100% calc(100% - .05em),calc(50% + .05em) 50%,100% .05em,calc(100% - .05em) 0%,50% calc(50% - .05em))}.longdiv-top{border-top:.067em solid;padding:.1em .2em .2em .433em}.longdiv-arc{clip-path:inset(0 0 0 .4em);box-sizing:border-box;border:.067em solid;border-radius:70%;width:.7em;position:absolute;top:0;bottom:.1em;left:-.4em;transform:translateY(-.067em)}.menclose{text-align:left;display:inline-block;position:relative}.phasor-bottom{border-bottom:.067em solid;padding:.2em .2em .1em .6em}.phasor-angle{aspect-ratio:.5;clip-path:polygon(.05em 100%,0 calc(100% - .05em),calc(100% - .05em) 0,100% .05em);background-color:currentColor;height:100%;display:inline-block;position:absolute;bottom:-.04em;left:.5px}.tml-fbox{border:1px solid;padding:3pt}.circle-pad{padding:.267em}.textcircle{border:.067em solid;border-radius:50%;position:absolute;inset:0}.actuarial{border-style:solid;border-width:.08em .08em 0 0;margin-right:.03889em;padding:.03889em .03889em 0}.tml-crooked-2{transform:scale(2,1.1)}.tml-crooked-3{transform:scale(3,1.3)}.tml-crooked-4{transform:scale(4,1.4)}.tml-right{text-align:-webkit-right}.tml-left{text-align:-webkit-left}}.special-fraction{font-family:Times New Roman,Times,STIX TWO,Tinos,serif}math{flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:baseline;display:inline-flex}math>mrow{padding:.5ex 0}mtable.tml-jot mtd{padding-top:.7ex;padding-bottom:.7ex}mtable.tml-small mtd{padding-top:.35ex;padding-bottom:.35ex}@-moz-document url-prefix(){math{display:inline}math>mrow{padding:0}mtd,mtable.tml-small mtd{padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0}mtable.tml-jot mtd{padding-top:.2ex;padding-bottom:0.ex}}.tml-eqn:before{counter-increment:tmlEqnNo;content:"(" counter(tmlEqnNo) ")"}body{counter-reset:tmlEqnNo}

:root{--lightningcss-light:initial;--lightningcss-dark: ;color-scheme:light dark;--color-background:var(--color-fill);--color-text:var(--color-figure-gray);--color-text-secondary:var(--color-figure-gray-secondary);--color-code-background:var(--color-fill-gray-quaternary);--color-grid:var(--color-fill-gray-tertiary);--color-link:var(--color-tint);--color-highlight:var(--lightningcss-light,rgb(from var(--color-tint) r g b / .2))var(--lightningcss-dark,rgb(from var(--color-tint) r g b / .6));--color-callout-note:var(--lightningcss-light,#1769aa)var(--lightningcss-dark,#64b5f6);--color-callout-tip:var(--lightningcss-light,#277a3f)var(--lightningcss-dark,#6fdc8c);--color-callout-warning:var(--lightningcss-light,#9a5b00)var(--lightningcss-dark,#ffbd66);--color-callout-danger:var(--lightningcss-light,#b3261e)var(--lightningcss-dark,#ff8a80);--color-tint:var(--lightningcss-light,#c65300)var(--lightningcss-dark,#ff9f43);--color-fill:var(--lightningcss-light,#f9f9fa)var(--lightningcss-dark,#111);--color-fill-secondary:var(--lightningcss-light,#fbfbfd)var(--lightningcss-dark,#161617);--color-fill-tertiary:var(--lightningcss-light,#f5f5f7)var(--lightningcss-dark,#1d1d1f);--color-figure-gray:var(--lightningcss-light,#1d1d1f)var(--lightningcss-dark,#f5f5f7);--color-figure-gray-secondary:var(--lightningcss-light,#515154)var(--lightningcss-dark,#a1a1a6);--color-fill-gray-tertiary:var(--lightningcss-light,#d2d2d7)var(--lightningcss-dark,#424245);--color-fill-gray-quaternary:var(--lightningcss-light,#f5f5f7)var(--lightningcss-dark,#333336);--typography-sans-serif:system-ui, sans-serif;--typography-mono:SF Mono, SFMono-Regular, ui-monospace, Menlo, monospace}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){:root{--lightningcss-light: ;--lightningcss-dark:initial}}html{height:100dvh}@media (min-resolution:2x){html{-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale}}body{min-height:100%;font-family:var(--typography-sans-serif);color:var(--color-text);background-color:var(--color-background);grid-template-rows:auto 1fr auto;width:min(40rem,87.5%);margin-inline:auto;padding-block-start:4rem;display:grid}body>header{margin-block-end:1rem}body>main{min-inline-size:0}.site-nav{grid-template-columns:40px minmax(0,1fr) auto;align-items:center;column-gap:1rem;display:grid}.site-nav ul{align-items:center;gap:.75rem;display:flex}.skip-link{z-index:10;background:var(--color-background);border:2px solid var(--color-link);border-radius:.5rem;padding:.5rem 1rem;position:absolute;top:.5rem;left:1rem;transform:translateY(-200%)}.skip-link:focus{transform:translateY(0)}.language-switcher{white-space:nowrap;font-family:var(--typography-mono);align-items:center;gap:.125rem;margin-inline-start:auto;font-size:.9375rem;display:flex}.language-switcher [aria-current=page]{font-weight:700}.language-unavailable{color:var(--color-fill-gray-tertiary);cursor:help}.sr-only{clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;margin:-1px;padding:0;position:absolute;overflow:hidden}.site-nav ul{flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0;padding:0}.site-nav li{align-items:center;display:flex}.site-nav a,.language-switcher>span[aria-current],.language-unavailable{white-space:nowrap;justify-content:center;align-items:center;min-height:44px;display:inline-flex}.language-switcher a,.language-switcher>span[aria-current],.language-unavailable{min-width:44px}.site-nav ul a[aria-current=page]{text-underline-offset:.35em;font-weight:700;text-decoration:underline}@media (max-width:36rem){.site-nav{grid-template-columns:40px minmax(0,1fr) auto;row-gap:.5rem}.site-nav ul{grid-area:2/1/auto/-1;justify-content:space-between;gap:.5rem}.site-nav ul a{padding-inline:.25rem}.language-switcher{grid-area:1/3}}h1{letter-spacing:-.025em;text-wrap-style:pretty;margin-block:1rem;font-size:clamp(2.1rem,7vw + .5rem,2.6rem);line-height:1.15}h2,h3,h4,h5,h6{letter-spacing:-.025em;line-height:1.3}.post-entries{flex-direction:column;display:flex}.post-entries li>a{border-radius:.5rem;grid-template-columns:7.5rem minmax(0,1fr);align-items:baseline;gap:1rem;margin-inline:-.75rem;padding:.5rem .75rem;display:grid}@media (any-hover:hover){.post-entries li>a:hover{background-color:var(--color-fill-tertiary)}}.post-entries time{color:var(--color-text-secondary);font-family:var(--typography-mono)}@media (max-width:32rem){.post-entries li>a{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:.125rem}}.note-list{flex-direction:column;display:flex}.note-list .note-entry{overflow-wrap:anywhere;border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-grid);grid-template-columns:2.5rem minmax(0,1fr);align-items:start;column-gap:.75rem;padding-block:1.5rem;display:grid}.note-list .note-entry:first-child{padding-block-start:.5rem}.note-list .note-avatar{object-fit:cover;border-radius:100vmax;width:2.5rem;height:2.5rem}.note-list .note-content{min-inline-size:0}.note-list .note-header{letter-spacing:-.025em;flex-flow:wrap;align-items:center;gap:.125rem .75rem;font-size:.8125rem;display:flex}.note-list .note-author{font-weight:700}.note-list .note-header time{color:var(--color-text-secondary);font-family:var(--typography-mono)}.note-list .note-body{margin-block-start:.25rem}.note-list .note-body>:first-child{margin-block-start:0}.note-list .note-body>:last-child{margin-block-end:0}.notes-page{overflow-wrap:anywhere}.notes-empty{color:var(--color-text-secondary)}.notes-load-more{border:1px solid var(--color-grid);color:var(--color-text);font:inherit;cursor:pointer;background:0 0;border-radius:999px;margin:2rem auto 0;padding:.5rem 1rem;display:block}.notes-load-more:disabled{cursor:wait;opacity:.6}.notes-load-error{color:var(--color-text-secondary);text-align:center}.notes-load-error button{color:var(--color-link);font:inherit;cursor:pointer;background:0 0;border:0;padding:0;text-decoration:underline}a{color:var(--color-link)}.expressive-code{max-inline-size:100%;margin-block:1rem}.prose :is(h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6):not(:first-child){margin-block:1.5em 1rem}.prose :is(h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6)+:is(h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6){margin-block-start:1rem}.prose header>time{color:var(--color-text-secondary);font-family:var(--typography-mono)}.prose p,.prose blockquote,.prose figure,.prose pre,.prose address,.prose ul,.prose ol,.prose dl,.prose menu{margin-block:1rem}.prose p{line-height:1.625}.prose ul{list-style-type:disc}.prose ol{list-style-type:decimal}.prose li{margin-block:.5rem}.prose ul,.prose ol{padding-inline-start:1.25rem}.prose li>:is(ul,ol){margin-block:unset}.prose mark{background:linear-gradient(transparent 60%, var(--color-highlight) 60%);color:var(--color-text)}.prose :not(pre)>code{border:1px solid var(--color-grid);background-color:var(--color-code-background);border-radius:4px;padding-inline:4px;font-size:.9375rem}.prose :is(blockquote,.callout,.accordion)>:is(p,blockquote,figure,pre,address,ul,ol,dl,menu){margin-block:.5rem}.prose blockquote{border-inline-start:.25rem solid var(--color-tint);padding-block:.5rem;padding-inline:1.5rem 1rem}.prose blockquote>:first-child{margin-block-start:0}.prose blockquote>:last-child{margin-block-end:0}.prose .callout{--callout-accent:var(--color-callout-note);border-inline-start:.25rem solid var(--callout-accent);background-color:color-mix(in srgb, var(--callout-accent) 10%, transparent);border-radius:.5rem;margin-block:1rem;padding:.875rem 1rem}.prose .callout.callout-tip{--callout-accent:var(--color-callout-tip)}.prose .callout.callout-warning{--callout-accent:var(--color-callout-warning)}.prose .callout.callout-danger{--callout-accent:var(--color-callout-danger)}.prose .callout>:first-child{margin-block-start:0}.prose .callout>:last-child{margin-block-end:0}.prose .callout-title{color:var(--callout-accent);align-items:baseline;gap:.5rem;margin-block:0;font-weight:700;line-height:1.4;display:flex}.prose .callout-title:before{content:"ⓘ";flex:none}.prose .callout-title+*{margin-block-start:.5rem}.prose .callout-tip .callout-title:before{content:"✦"}.prose .callout-warning .callout-title:before{content:"⚠"}.prose .callout-danger .callout-title:before{content:"⛔"}.prose .accordion{border:1px solid var(--color-grid);background-color:var(--color-fill-secondary);border-radius:.5rem;margin-block:1rem;overflow:clip}.prose .accordion>:not(summary){margin-inline:1rem}.prose .accordion>:last-child{margin-block-end:1rem}.prose .accordion-summary{align-items:center;gap:.75rem;padding:.75rem 1rem;font-weight:600;display:flex}.prose .accordion-summary+*{margin-block-start:.5rem}.prose .accordion-summary:before{content:"";border-block-end:.125rem solid;border-inline-end:.125rem solid;flex:none;block-size:.5rem;inline-size:.5rem;transition:transform .15s;transform:rotate(-45deg)}.prose .accordion-summary:focus-visible{outline:.125rem solid var(--color-link);outline-offset:-.125rem}@media (any-hover:hover){.prose .accordion-summary:hover{background-color:var(--color-fill-tertiary)}}.prose .accordion[open]>.accordion-summary:before{transform:rotate(45deg)}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.prose .accordion-summary:before{transition:none}}.prose math{font-size:1.125rem}.prose img{border-radius:8px;block-size:auto;max-inline-size:100%;margin-inline:auto;display:block}.prose hr{border:0;border-top:1px solid var(--color-grid);margin-block:2rem}.prose [data-footnote-ref]:after{content:")"}.prose table{max-width:fit-content;margin-inline:auto;display:block;overflow-x:auto}.prose th{text-align:center;font-weight:600}.prose th,.prose td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-grid);padding-block:.5rem;padding-inline:2rem}.prose tr:last-child td{border-bottom-style:none}.prose .footnotes{margin-block-start:3rem}.prose .footnotes h2{display:none}.prose .footnotes ol{padding-inline-start:2rem;font-size:.875rem}footer{flex-direction:column;padding-block:2rem 4rem;display:flex}footer hr{border:0;border-top:1px dashed var(--color-grid);inline-size:100%;margin-block:2rem}footer .footer-wave{margin-inline:auto}@media (max-width:32rem){footer{padding-block:2rem}}
